Explanation: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar published three major periodicals to promote social awareness and protect the rights of Dalits — Mook Nayak (1920), Bahishkrit Bharat (1927), and Janta (1930). These publications became powerful voices for social reform and equality. The title ‘Wahiskrit Samaj’ was not one of Ambedkar’s periodicals.

Explanation: The All India Depressed Classes Leaders’ Conference held in Bombay in 1931 demanded separate electorates for the Depressed Classes (Scheduled Castes). This demand was led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, who sought political representation and safeguards for socially oppressed communities. The issue later became central to the negotiations between Ambedkar and Gandhi, culminating in the Poona Pact of 1932.

Explanation: The August Offer (also known as the August Proposal) was presented in 1940 by Lord Linlithgow, the then Viceroy of India. It was a British attempt to secure Indian cooperation in World War II by promising Dominion Status after the war and expanding the Executive Council to include more Indians. However, the proposal was rejected by the Indian National Congress as it fell short of the demand for complete independence.

Explanation: Annie Besant was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress, elected in 1917 at the Calcutta Session. A British-born theosophist and social reformer, she played a crucial role in India’s freedom movement. She also launched the Home Rule Movement to demand self-governance for India, inspiring future nationalist leaders.

Explanation: The Poona Pact was an agreement signed in 1932 between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar at Yerwada Jail, Pune. It was reached to resolve the dispute over separate electorates for the Depressed Classes (Scheduled Castes) proposed by the British under the Communal Award. As per the pact, separate electorates were replaced with reserved seats within the general electorate, ensuring political representation for the Depressed Classes while maintaining social unity.

Explanation: The correct chronological sequence of events in the Indian freedom struggle is as follows:

1. (B) Surat Split of the Indian National Congress (1907): The Congress split into two factions — Moderates and Extremists — at the Surat Session due to ideological differences.
2. (A) Passing of the Indian Press Act (1910): Enacted by the British to curb nationalist writings and suppress freedom of expression in Indian newspapers.
3. (D) Passing of the Rowlatt Act (1919): Popularly called the ‘Black Act,’ it allowed detention without trial, leading to widespread protests.
4. (C) Launching of the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Started by Mahatma Gandhi to oppose the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and colonial oppression through non-violent resistance.

Explanation: The Ulgulan, meaning “The Great Tumult,” was started by Birsa Munda in the 1890s against British colonial rule and the exploitation of tribal communities in the Chotanagpur region (now in Jharkhand). The movement sought to end the dominance of landlords and missionaries and restore the traditional rights of the tribal people over their land. Birsa Munda’s leadership made him a revered figure in India’s tribal and freedom struggle history.

Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak opposed the Age of Consent Bill of 1891, which sought to raise the minimum age of consent for girls from 10 to 12 years. Although he supported social reform, Tilak believed that such changes should come from within Indian society rather than being imposed by the British government. His opposition reflected the nationalist view that colonial interference in social customs was unacceptable.

Explanation: The autobiography ‘Jibaner Smritidipe’ was written by the eminent Indian historian Ramesh Chandra Majumdar. He was one of the most respected historians of modern India, known for his extensive work on the History of the Freedom Movement in India and the Comprehensive History of India. In this book, he reflects upon his life experiences, academic journey, and contributions to Indian historiography.

Kunwar Singh was the main rebel leader of the 1857 Revolt in Bihar. He was a zamindar of Jagdispur (in present-day Bhojpur district) and played a crucial role in leading the uprising against the British East India Company. Despite being around 80 years old, Kunwar Singh showed remarkable courage and leadership, organizing armed resistance and successfully capturing several British positions in Bihar.

Other options (for context)

• Laxmi Bai: Led the revolt in Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh region).
• Begum Hazrat Mahal: Led the rebellion in Lucknow, Awadh region.
• Bakht Khan: Led the rebel forces in Delhi during the revolt.