Explanation: Animals that live in or on trees are called arboreal animals. They are adapted to climbing and moving about among branches. Examples include monkeys, squirrels, chameleons, and tree frogs. Their adaptations may include grasping limbs, prehensile tails, claws, or adhesive pads that help them cling to tree surfaces and move efficiently among branches.

Explanation: In computer programming, the term "Beans" is specifically associated with the Java programming language. A JavaBean is a reusable software component written in Java that can be manipulated visually in a builder tool. JavaBeans follow certain conventions such as having a no-argument constructor, providing getter and setter methods, and being serializable. They are widely used in Enterprise Java applications for data encapsulation and to promote modular, reusable code.

Explanation: Acids do not turn red litmus to blue; they turn blue litmus paper red. Acids are sour in taste, corrosive in nature, and have a pH value less than 7. The statement that acids turn red litmus to blue is incorrect.

The Widal test is used to diagnose Typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The test detects the presence of agglutinating antibodies (O and H) in a patient’s serum against the antigens of the typhoid bacteria. It helps confirm infection during the second week of illness.

• Cholera: Diagnosed by stool culture for Vibrio cholerae.
• Tuberculosis: Detected using sputum test or Mantoux test.
• AIDS: Diagnosed through ELISA or Western blot test for HIV.

Explanation: The transmission of light through optical fibres is based on the principle of Total Internal Reflection (TIR). When light travels from a denser medium (core of the fibre) to a rarer medium (cladding) and strikes the interface at an angle greater than the critical angle, it gets completely reflected back into the core instead of refracting out. This continuous internal reflection allows light to travel long distances through the fibre with minimal loss, even when the fibre is bent. Optical fibres are widely used in telecommunication, internet data transfer, and medical endoscopy.

Explanation: The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, just beneath the hypothalamus. It is often called the "master gland" because it secretes several hormones (like growth hormone, TSH, FSH, LH, and prolactin) that control other endocrine glands and various physiological processes.

Explanation: The major cause of global warming is the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere. CO₂ is a greenhouse gas that traps heat radiating from the Earth's surface, preventing it from escaping into space — a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions have significantly increased CO₂ levels, leading to a rise in the Earth’s average temperature, melting of glaciers, rising sea levels, and climate change.

Explanation: The sex of a newborn baby is determined by the chromosome inherited from the father. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes — 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The mother always contributes an X chromosome, but the father can contribute either an X or a Y. If the sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes the ovum, the child will be a girl (XX); if the sperm carries a Y chromosome, the child will be a boy (XY).

Explanation: Mars is known as the Red Planet because its surface contains a large amount of iron oxide (rust), which gives it a reddish appearance. It is the fourth planet from the Sun and has two moons — Phobos and Deimos.