Explanation: The Cerebrum forms about 80% of the total brain mass. It is divided into two hemispheres and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, reasoning, and emotion. The Cerebellum lies below it and controls coordination and balance, while the Medulla oblongata manages vital involuntary functions.

Explanation: Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal released from industrial waste, batteries, and mining processes. When it enters the food chain (especially through contaminated rice or water), it accumulates in the body and affects the kidneys, causing protein loss in urine and kidney failure. It is also associated with Itai-Itai disease in Japan, characterized by kidney damage and brittle bones.

Explanation: The hard structure of bones and teeth is primarily made of calcium phosphate in the crystalline form of tricalcium phosphate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂). It provides rigidity and strength. In tooth enamel, a small portion is converted into fluorapatite, which makes teeth resistant to bacterial decay.

Explanation: Vitamin B₂ is also known as Riboflavin. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in the body’s energy production and cellular function. Riboflavin acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, helping to convert food into energy. It is also essential for maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and nerve functions. A deficiency of Vitamin B₂ can lead to cracked lips, sore throat, and inflammation of the tongue (a condition known as ariboflavinosis).

Explanation: The scientific name of Vitamin C is Ascorbic Acid. It is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Vitamin C acts as a powerful antioxidant and helps in the synthesis of collagen, absorption of iron, and boosting the immune system. A deficiency of Vitamin C leads to the disease Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, weakness, and delayed wound healing. Natural sources include citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, amla, and guava.

Explanation: Execution time is the period during which a job or program is actively processed by the computer’s CPU. It refers to the actual time taken to execute instructions, excluding waiting or idle times such as input/output delays or queue time.

Explanation: The Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurred on the night of December 2–3, 1984, at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (India). The disaster was caused by the accidental leakage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC), a highly toxic and reactive gas used in pesticide manufacturing. The poisonous gas spread rapidly over the nearby populated areas, killing thousands of people and causing severe respiratory and neurological disorders. It is considered one of the world’s worst industrial disasters.

Explanation: Carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (also known as the carpus) in the human skeletal system. These bones are arranged in two rows — a proximal row (closer to the forearm) and a distal row (closer to the hand). They connect the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) to the bones of the hand (metacarpals) and allow for the flexibility and movement of the wrist. The carpals are essential for various hand motions like bending, rotation, and gripping.

Explanation: Vitamins are classified into two categories based on their solubility — fat-soluble and water-soluble. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and the B-complex vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they dissolve in water and are not stored in the body. Therefore, they must be consumed regularly through diet. Deficiency of Vitamin C causes scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and delayed wound healing.