Explanation: PARAM 8000 is India's first supercomputer, developed in 1991 by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) under the leadership of Dr. Vijay Bhatkar. It marked India’s entry into high-performance computing and was capable of 1 GigaFLOP (one billion calculations per second).

Explanation: Boron is a vital micronutrient that assists in the uptake and utilization of calcium and maintains the integrity of cell walls and membranes. It also regulates water movement in plant tissues and plays a role in pollen germination and fruit development. Deficiency of boron can lead to poor calcium translocation, brittle tissues, and reduced water absorption.

Explanation: The decibel (dB) is a unit used to measure the intensity or loudness of sound. It expresses sound level on a logarithmic scale relative to a standard reference intensity of 10^-12 watt/m², which is the faintest sound the average human ear can hear. Normal conversation is around 60 dB, city traffic about 80–90 dB, and sounds above 120 dB can cause pain or hearing damage. The decibel scale helps compare very large variations in sound intensity conveniently.

Explanation: Animals that live in or on trees are called arboreal animals. They are adapted to climbing and moving about among branches. Examples include monkeys, squirrels, chameleons, and tree frogs. Their adaptations may include grasping limbs, prehensile tails, claws, or adhesive pads that help them cling to tree surfaces and move efficiently among branches.

Nickel exposure commonly causes a skin disease called Dermatitis, specifically Allergic Contact Dermatitis. This condition occurs when the skin comes into direct contact with nickel-containing objects such as jewelry, coins, or belt buckles. It leads to redness, itching, and rashes, especially in sensitive individuals. Nickel allergy is one of the most common metal allergies worldwide.

Other options (for context)

• Itai Itai: Caused by cadmium poisoning, not nickel.
• Learning Disability: Not directly linked to nickel exposure.
• Asthma: May be aggravated by pollutants, but not typically caused by nickel.

Explanation: Electrons are negatively charged particles that revolve around the nucleus in fixed paths called orbits or shells. The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, and most of the atom’s mass is concentrated in the nucleus.

Explanation: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a tall, jointed, perennial grass belonging to the family Poaceae. It has thick stems rich in sucrose, which is extracted to produce sugar. The plant reproduces mainly through stem cuttings (vegetative propagation). Its structure and growth habit are similar to other grasses like maize and bamboo.