Explanation: In a parallel connection of resistances, the potential difference (voltage) across each resistor remains the same, while the current divides among the different branches according to their resistances. This property makes parallel circuits widely used in household electrical wiring.

Chandrayaan-2, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on 22 July 2019, was designed to explore the South Pole region of the Moon. This area is of great scientific interest because it is permanently shadowed and may contain water ice and other valuable minerals. The mission included an orbiter, a lander (Vikram), and a rover (Pragyan), making it India’s first attempt at a soft landing on the lunar surface near the south pole.

Other options (for context)

• Moon North Pole: Not the target area of Chandrayaan-2.
• Moon North-West part: Incorrect — Chandrayaan-2 focused specifically on the South Pole.
• Unexplored part of the Moon: Partly true, but specifically, the unexplored South Pole region was chosen.

Explanation: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is a herb belonging to the family Apiaceae. The leaves are used as a fresh herb (commonly known as cilantro), and the dried fruits (often referred to as coriander seeds) are used as a spice. The fruits contain essential oils like linalool and borneol, which give coriander its characteristic aroma and flavor.

Uses:

• Leaves — used in cooking for flavoring and garnishing dishes.
• Dried fruits (seeds) — used as a spice, in curry powders, and for medicinal purposes (digestive aid).

The Abacus is considered the first calculating device in human history. It was invented around 2500 BCE and used in ancient civilizations such as China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. The Abacus consists of beads that slide on rods or wires, representing numbers, and is used to perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It laid the foundation for modern computing and calculating tools.

Other options (for context)

• Calculator: A modern electronic device for computation, developed much later.
• Turing machine: A theoretical computational model proposed by Alan Turing in 1936.
• Pascaline: A mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642, long after the Abacus.

Explanation: An artery is a large blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. Arteries have thick, elastic walls to withstand high pressure. In contrast, veins carry blood toward the heart, and capillaries are tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins.

Explanation: The audible range of sound refers to the frequencies that can be detected by the average human ear, typically from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz). Sounds below 20 Hz are called infrasonic and those above 20,000 Hz are called ultrasonic. Hearing sensitivity decreases with age, and most adults can hear up to about 16,000 Hz.