Explanation: Acupuncture is an ancient form of traditional Chinese medicine that involves the insertion of very thin needles through the skin at specific points, called acupoints. It is based on the concept of balancing the flow of life energy (Qi or Chi) through pathways in the body known as meridians. When these energy flows are blocked or imbalanced, it can cause illness or pain.

By stimulating specific acupoints, acupuncture is believed to restore the normal energy flow and help the body heal itself. It is commonly used to treat:

• Chronic pain (e.g., back, neck, and joint pain)
• Migraines and headaches
• Arthritis and muscle stiffness
• Stress and anxiety

Scientific View: Modern research suggests that acupuncture may stimulate nerves, muscles, and connective tissue, boosting the body’s natural painkillers (endorphins).

The Stockholm Convention is not associated with the reduction of greenhouse gases. It focuses on eliminating or restricting the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) — toxic chemicals that remain in the environment for long periods, such as DDT and PCBs. It does not directly address greenhouse gas emissions or climate change.

Other options (for context)

• Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol: Aims to phase down the use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases used in refrigerants — hence it helps reduce global warming.
• Kyoto Protocol: An international treaty adopted in 1997 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by developed countries, directly targeting climate change.

Explanation: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was discovered by Dr. Albert Hofmann, a Swiss chemist, in 1938 at the Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland. LSD is a powerful hallucinogenic compound derived from lysergic acid, which occurs in the fungus Claviceps purpurea (ergot) that grows on rye. Hofmann accidentally discovered its psychological effects in 1943 when he absorbed a small amount through his skin, leading to vivid visual hallucinations. LSD acts on serotonin receptors in the brain and profoundly alters perception and mood.

Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick, a German physiologist, invented the first successful contact lens in 1888. His design consisted of a glass lens that covered the entire eye, resting on the sclera (the white part of the eye). Though bulky and uncomfortable by today’s standards, it laid the foundation for modern soft and gas-permeable contact lenses used in vision correction and cosmetics.

Other options (for context)

• Enrico Fermi: Known for his work in nuclear physics and development of the first nuclear reactor.
• Sandford Fleming: Introduced the concept of standard time zones.
• Benoit Fourneyron: Invented the water turbine, not related to optics or vision correction.

A Lunar Eclipse occurs when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, causing the Earth’s shadow to fall on the Moon. This alignment blocks the sunlight that normally reflects off the Moon’s surface, making it appear dark or reddish (known as a Blood Moon). Lunar eclipses only occur during a full moon when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line (or nearly so).

Other options (for context)

• When Sun is between Earth and Moon: Incorrect — this alignment causes no eclipse.
• When Moon is between Earth and Sun: This alignment causes a solar eclipse, not a lunar one.
• When Earth is between Sun and other celestial bodies: Too general — lunar eclipse specifically involves the Moon.

Explanation: The pair Faraday : Diffusion of gases is incorrect. The law of diffusion of gases was given by Thomas Graham, not Michael Faraday. Faraday is known for his work on electromagnetism and electrolysis. The other pairs are correctly matched.

Explanation: Lysosomes are known as the ‘suicidal bags’ or ‘disposal units’ of the cell because they contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down worn-out cell organelles, foreign substances, and even the entire cell when it becomes damaged or diseased.