Explanation: The full form of USB is Universal Serial Bus. It is a standard interface used to connect devices such as keyboards, mice, flash drives, and printers to a computer. USB allows data transfer and power supply between connected devices.

Insulin was discovered by Frederick Banting and Charles Best in 1921 at the University of Toronto. Banting and his team successfully isolated insulin from the pancreas, which became a breakthrough in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. For this discovery, Frederick Banting and J.J.R. Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923.

Other options (for context)

• Jonas E. Salk: Discovered the first successful polio vaccine.
• Alexander Fleming: Discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic.
• Roentgen: Discovered X-rays in 1895.

Explanation: Carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (also known as the carpus) in the human skeletal system. These bones are arranged in two rows — a proximal row (closer to the forearm) and a distal row (closer to the hand). They connect the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) to the bones of the hand (metacarpals) and allow for the flexibility and movement of the wrist. The carpals are essential for various hand motions like bending, rotation, and gripping.

Explanation: In humans, the spinal cord gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves. Each spinal nerve is a mixed nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers. They are divided into groups based on the region of the vertebral column from which they originate:

• 8 pairs — Cervical nerves
• 12 pairs — Thoracic nerves
• 5 pairs — Lumbar nerves
• 5 pairs — Sacral nerves
• 1 pair — Coccygeal nerve

These spinal nerves connect the central nervous system (CNS) to different parts of the body, transmitting sensory information to the brain and motor commands to muscles.

Explanation: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is headquartered in Bangalore (Bengaluru), Karnataka. It was established in 1969 under the guidance of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, who is known as the father of the Indian space program. ISRO is India’s national space agency, responsible for space research, satellite launches, and planetary exploration. It developed major missions such as Chandrayaan (Moon mission), Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), and PSLV & GSLV launch vehicles.

Explanation: Vitamin K plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process. It helps the liver synthesize prothrombin and other clotting factors required to stop bleeding when injuries occur. Deficiency of Vitamin K can lead to excessive bleeding and delayed clot formation. Green leafy vegetables, broccoli, spinach, and intestinal bacteria are major natural sources of this vitamin.

Explanation: EDUSAT (Education Satellite) was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in September 2004. It was the first Indian satellite built exclusively for educational purposes, designed to provide distance learning and interactive education through satellite communication.