Explanation: White lung disease, scientifically known as byssinosis, is an occupational lung disorder caused by prolonged inhalation of cotton dust in textile and cotton processing industries. The inhaled dust irritates the airways, leading to symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure can result in chronic bronchitis and reduced lung capacity.

Preventive Measures:

• Proper ventilation and dust control in textile mills
• Use of protective masks by workers
• Regular health check-ups and dust monitoring

Graphite allows electric current to pass through it. Although it is a form of carbon, its atoms are arranged in layers with free-moving electrons, making it a good conductor of electricity. This property makes graphite useful in electrodes, batteries, and brushes of electric motors.

• Glass, Rubber, PVC: All are insulators and do not conduct electricity.

A fuse wire has high resistance and a low melting point. It is made of materials like tin-lead alloy so that it melts quickly when excessive current flows through the circuit. This breaks the circuit and prevents damage to electrical appliances due to overheating or short circuits.

• High resistance: Causes heating when excess current passes.
• Low melting point: Ensures the fuse melts easily to interrupt the circuit.

Explanation: The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body. It is a butterfly-shaped gland situated in the neck region, just below the larynx. It secretes the hormones thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃), which control metabolism, growth, and energy utilization. The thyroid also produces calcitonin, which helps regulate calcium levels in the blood.

Functions of the Thyroid Gland:

• Regulates metabolic rate (BMR)
• Influences growth and development
• Maintains body temperature and energy balance
• Regulates calcium metabolism via calcitonin

Disorders:

• Hypothyroidism: Leads to goitre, myxedema, or cretinism
• Hyperthyroidism: Leads to weight loss, anxiety, and increased heart rate

Explanation: Acids do not turn red litmus to blue; instead, they turn blue litmus paper red. Acids are sour in taste, corrosive in nature, and have a pH value less than 7. Therefore, the statement that acids turn red litmus to blue is incorrect.

Explanation: PROLOG (Programming in Logic) is a high-level programming language widely used in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and computational linguistics. It is based on formal logic and is especially useful for solving problems involving pattern matching, rule-based reasoning, and natural language processing.

Explanation: Bilirubin and Biliverdin are yellow and green bile pigments respectively, found in the bile secreted by the liver. These pigments are produced during the breakdown of hemoglobin from old red blood cells (RBCs) in the liver and spleen. Biliverdin (green pigment) is first formed from the heme part of hemoglobin and is then reduced to bilirubin (yellow pigment). The bile containing these pigments helps in the digestion and emulsification of fats. Excess bilirubin in the blood causes jaundice, leading to a yellowing of the skin and eyes.

Explanation: Mercury is the nearest planet to the Sun. It is the smallest planet in the solar system and completes one revolution around the Sun in just about 88 Earth days. Due to its proximity, Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations between day and night.

Explanation: Humans first develop a set of 20 milk teeth (also called deciduous or primary teeth) — 10 in the upper jaw and 10 in the lower jaw. These teeth start erupting around 6 months of age and are eventually replaced by 32 permanent teeth (including 4 wisdom teeth). Milk teeth help in early chewing, speaking, and maintaining space for permanent teeth.

Explanation: Angora wool is obtained from the Angora rabbit, a special breed reared mainly for its soft, silky, and warm fur. The wool fibers are extremely fine and have a high insulating property, making them ideal for luxury clothing. It is different from Mohair (from Angora goat) and Cashmere (from Kashmiri goat).