Explanation: Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) predominantly contains methane (CH₄) in liquid form. It is produced by cooling natural gas to about −162°C, which reduces its volume for easier storage and transportation. LNG is a clean fuel with high energy efficiency and low emissions.

Explanation: In 1643, Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli invented the barometer, an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. His mercury barometer demonstrated that air has weight and that atmospheric pressure can support a column of mercury in a glass tube.

Explanation: The human retina contains two types of photoreceptor cells — rods and cones. Cones are concentrated in the central part of the retina (fovea) and are sensitive to different wavelengths of light — red, green, and blue. These enable colour vision and visual acuity in bright light. Rods, on the other hand, function in dim light and provide black-and-white vision.

Explanation: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is a herb belonging to the family Apiaceae. The leaves are used as a fresh herb (commonly known as cilantro), and the dried fruits (often referred to as coriander seeds) are used as a spice. The fruits contain essential oils like linalool and borneol, which give coriander its characteristic aroma and flavor.

Uses:

• Leaves — used in cooking for flavoring and garnishing dishes.
• Dried fruits (seeds) — used as a spice, in curry powders, and for medicinal purposes (digestive aid).

Explanation: White lung disease, scientifically known as byssinosis, is an occupational lung disorder caused by prolonged inhalation of cotton dust in textile and cotton processing industries. The inhaled dust irritates the airways, leading to symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure can result in chronic bronchitis and reduced lung capacity.

Preventive Measures:

• Proper ventilation and dust control in textile mills
• Use of protective masks by workers
• Regular health check-ups and dust monitoring

A rocket functions based on Newton’s Third Law of Motion, which states that “for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.” The rocket expels gases downward at high speed (action), and in response, the rocket is propelled upward (reaction). This principle enables space rockets to move even in the vacuum of space where no air resistance exists.

• Newton’s First Law: Deals with inertia, not propulsion.
• Newton’s Second Law: Explains force and acceleration but doesn’t directly describe rocket thrust.

Explanation: Ascorbic acid is not a member of the vitamin B complex; it is actually vitamin C. The vitamin B complex includes vitamins like thiamine (B₁), riboflavin (B₂), niacin (B₃), folic acid (B₉), and others that play important roles in metabolism and energy production.

Explanation: The nerve cell or neuron is the longest cell in animals. It consists of a cell body, dendrites, and a long fiber called the axon. In humans, the axon of a motor neuron can be over 1 meter long (from the spinal cord to the toes). This structure helps transmit electrical impulses rapidly across the body, allowing coordination and communication between organs.